Sudan

country in Northeast Africa

Sudan (or The Sudan; officially the Republic of the Sudan or Republic of Sudan) is the third largest African country by area. The country is situated at a crossroads between the Horn of Africa and the Middle East. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, Kenya and Uganda to the southeast, Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, and Libya to the northwest. It is the tenth largest country in the world by area.

Official flag of Sudan (est. 1970)

Quotes

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  • We are not zealous for this land because of the rivers that flow in it. We are zealous for it because it is the land of Islam.... This people has a glorious history. Gordon Pasha, who humiliated the Chinese—the Sudanese here cut off his head.
  • One of the things (that I regretted the most was) that has an impact on these two decades and more is what happened after we (Sudan) signed the comprehensive peace agreement (with South Sudan). We signed this agreement. We genuinely implemented it, and we gave our brothers in South Sudan more than is entitled to them according to the peace agreement. I fought for years in South Sudan for the unity of Sudan. I was a commander in the fields, fighting for the unity of Sudan. As a politician, I worked very, very hard in order to maintain the unity of our country. That was my aim. Of course, the result came negative to what I was looking forward to happen after all these efforts, after all these years of hard work and labor. It's one of the things that I forget because Sudan was divided in two.
    • Omar al-Bashir, (2014) cited in "Washington Post interview with Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir" on The Washington Post, 23 December 2014
  • In 2018, when protestors brought down the brutal and genocidal regime, two thirds were women. They dreamed of a Sudan that was free of oppression, harassment, and sexual violence. A Sudan that would transition to democracy after nearly 30 years of authoritarian rule. But today, Sudanese women face the brute force of a vicious war between two armed factions—The SAF—the Sudanese Armed Forces. And the RSF—the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces. Both committed abuses during the civil war in Darfur. In the last year, their actions have been absolutely brutal. They have killed detainees and indiscriminately bombed civilians. They have conscripted children as soldiers. They have looted supplies and attacked aid workers. One woman told NPR, “If they couldn’t steal it, they burned it.” They are targeting non-Arab ethnic groups in Darfur just as they did twenty years ago. And last month, videos emerged of troops chanting ethnic slurs as they paraded the streets holding decapitated heads. According to the United Nations, 15,000 people were killed in just one attack. More than 8 million have fled their homes. 25 million—including 14 million children—need humanitarian assistance. In addition, Sudanese women face the widespread use of rape as a weapon of war. A 21-year-old survivor said, “I can’t even count how many times I have been raped.” Diplomatic efforts to end the conflict, have failed. Ceasefire after ceasefire, has been violated. In fact, the violence has intensified.
    • Ben Cardin, "We Cannot Be Silent About Sudan," Delivered on the floor of the U.S. Senate, U.S. Capitol, Washington, D.C., March 22, 2024; Vital Speeches of the Day [s. l.], v. 90, n. 6, p. 140–141, 2024
  • Many Sudanese young people are well educated. But the economy is unstable, so everyone is affected, educated and not educated. You find the drivers of tuk-tuk [taxis] are engineers, accountants, very educated people - but they cannot find jobs and they need to boost their income any way they can.
  • I am optimistic because, unlike in the 1985 revolution, all of Sudan is participating. The new president will have to be fair with men and women.
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