Bertolt Brecht

Eugen Berthold Friedrich Brecht (10 February 1898 – 14 August 1956), commonly known as Bertolt Brecht, was a German Marxist dramatist, stage director and poet. He is remembered for the Distancing effect practice in performing arts (known in German as Verfremdungseffekt or V-Effekt).

Let nothing be called natural. In an age of bloody confusion, ordered disorder, planned caprice, and dehumanized humanity, lest all things be held unalterable!

Quotes

1923–1938

Mixing one's wines may be a mistake, but old and new wisdom mix admirably.

Do not treat me in this fashion. Don't leave me out. Have I not
Always spoken the truth in my books?

Our theater must stimulate a desire for understanding, a delight in changing reality. Our audience must experience not only the ways to free Prometheus, but be schooled in the very desire to free him.

Even the most blockheaded bureaucrat,
Provided he loves peace,
Is a greater lover of the arts
Than any so-called art-lover
Who loves the arts of war.

Because things are the way they are, things will not stay the way they are.

Some party hack decreed that the people
had lost the government's confidence
and could only regain it with redoubled effort.
If that is the case, would it not be be simpler,
If the government simply dissolved the people
And elected another?

• People remain what they are even if their faces fall apart.
  • Garga, from In the Jungle of Cities [Im Dickicht der Städte] (1923) , sc. 9; also translated as In the Swamp and Jungle of Cities.

• But something's missing (Aber etwas fehlt).
  • Jim[my] Mahoney, in Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny (1930)

• A man who strains himself on the stage is bound, if he is any good, to strain all the people sitting in the stalls.
  • "Emphasis on Sport" in the Berliner Börsen-Courier (6 February 1926), as quoted in Brecht on Theatre (1964) edited and translated by John Willett.

• The main objective is to learn to think crudely. Crude thinking is the great one's thinking.
  • Dreigroschenroman (1934), reprinted in Gesammelte Werke, vol. 13 (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1967), 916.

• Do not treat me in this fashion. Don't leave me out. Have I not
  Always spoken the truth in my books? And now
  You treat me like a liar! I order you:
  Burn me!
  
  • A response to the Nazi book burnings, "The Burning of the Books" ("Die Bücherverbrennung", c. 1935)

• The theater-goer in conventional dramatic theater says: Yes, I've felt that way, too. That's the way I am. That's life. That's the way it will always be. The suffering of this or that person grips me because there is no escape for him. That's great art — Everything is self-evident. I am made to cry with those who cry, and laugh with those who laugh. But the theater-goer in the epic theater says: I would never have thought that. You can't do that. That's very strange, practically unbelievable. That has to stop. The suffering of this or that person grips me because there is an escape for him. That's great art — nothing is self-evident. I am made to laugh about those who cry, and cry about those who laugh.
  • "Entertainment or Education?" (1936)

• Let nothing be called natural
  In an age of bloody confusion,
  Ordered disorder, planned caprice,
  And dehumanized humanity, lest all things
  Be held unalterable!
  • The Exception and the Rule (1937), Prologue

• Literary works cannot be taken over like factories, or literary forms of expression like industrial methods. Realist writing, of which history offers many widely varying examples, is likewise conditioned by the question of how, when and for what class it is made use of.
  • "The Popular and the Realistic" (written 1938, published 1958), as translated in Brecht on Theatre (1964) edited and translated by John Willett.

• Those who lead the country into the abyss
  Call ruling too difficult
  For ordinary men.
  • "From a German War Primer" ("Catón de Guerra Alemán", 1938)

The Threepenny Opera (1928)

Just a jack-knife has Macheath dear
And he keeps it out of sight.

Quotations from Die Dreigroschenoper using primarily the translation by Desmond Vesey and Eric Bentley (1949; 1960) ISBN 0-8021-5039-X

• First comes a full stomach, then comes ethics.

• And the shark he has his teeth and
  There they are for all to see
  And Macheath he has his knife but
  No one knows where it may be.
  • "The Moritat of Mackie the Knife" in Prologue, p. 3
  • Translation note: A "moritat" (a word meaning both "muderous deed" and "ballad") is a street song telling of murderous crimes.
    • Lotte Lenya, "Foreword", p. xii
  • Variant translation: Oh the shark has pretty teeth dear,
    And he shows them pearly white
    Just a jack-knife has Macheath dear
    And he keeps it out of sight.
    • Marc Blitzstein translation; largely used for Louis Armstrong's and Bobby Darin's pop renditions of "The Ballad of Mack the Knife"
• My business is too difficult. My business is trying to arouse human pity. There are few things that'll move people to pity, a few, but the trouble is when they've been used several times, they no longer work. So it happens, for instance, that a man who sees another man on the street corner with only a stump for an arm will be so shocked the first time that he'll give him sixpence. But the second time it'll only be a threepenny bit. And if he sees him a third time, he'll hand him over cold-bloodedly to the police.
  • Peachum in Act 1, scene 1, pp. 5-6
    • Variant translation: A man who sees another man on the street corner with only a stump for an arm will be so shocked the first time he'll give him sixpence. But the second time it'll only be a threepenny bit. And if he sees him a third time, he'll have him cold-bloodedly handed over to the police.

• You may proclaim, good sirs, your fine philosophy
  But till you feed us, right and wrong can wait!
  • Macheath in "Second Threepenny-Finale"; Act 2, scene 3, p. 67
  • Variant translations:
  • However much you twist, whatever lies you tell
    Food is the first thing, morals follow on.
    • Used by the Pet Shop Boys, in "What Keeps Mankind Alive?", Can You Forgive Her (1993 EP)
  • Food first, then morality.

• For once you must try not to shirk the facts:
  Mankind is kept alive by bestial acts.
  • "What Keeps Mankind Alive?" Act 2, sc. 6

• The law is simply and solely made for the exploitation of those who do not understand it or of those who, for naked need, cannot obey it.
  • Polly Peachum, in Act 3, scene 1, p. 74
  • Variant translation: The law was made for one thing alone, for the exploitation of those who don't understand it, or are prevented by naked misery from obeying it.

• For the task assigned them
  Men aren't smart enough or sly
  Any rogue can blind them
  With a clever lie.
  • Polly Peachum, in "The Song of the Futility of All Human Endeavor"; Act 3, scene 1, p. 75

• What is the burgling of a bank to the founding of a bank?
  • Macheath, in Act 3, scene 3, p. 92

Happy End (1929)

• Mr. Wurlitzer, I am now in a position to receive your organ.

The Mother (1930)

Don't be afraid of death so much as an inadequate life.

The strongest fight their whole life.They are the indispensable ones.

• Don't be afraid of death so much as an inadequate life.
  • Pelagea Vlasova in Scene 10

• You don't need to pray to God any more when there are storms in the sky, but you do have to be insured.
  • Pelagea Vlasova in Scene 10

• Those who are weak don't fight.
  Those who are stronger might fight
  for an hour.
  Those who are stronger still might fight
  for many years.
  The strongest fight
  their whole life.
  They are the indispensable ones.
  • "In Praise of the Fighters" (song)
  • Variant translation: There are men who struggle for a day and they are good.
    There are men who struggle for a year and they are better.
    There are men who struggle many years, and they are better still.
    But there are those who struggle all their lives:
    These are the indispensable ones.
    • As quoted in Democracy Unbound : Progressive Challenges to the Two Party System (1997) by David Reynolds; also quoted by Cuban musician and poet Silvio Rodríguez before his song "Sueño con serpientes".
    • Also quoted by Eduardo Galeano (Uruguayan writer) to describe Nestor Kirchner as he received the notice of his death.

1939–1956

• Ah, what an age it is
  When to speak of trees is almost a crime
  For it is a kind of silence about injustice!
  • "To Posterity" (1939) as translated by H. R. Hays (1947)

• Always the victor writes the history of the vanquished. He who beats distorts the faces of the beaten. The weaker depart from this world and the lies remain.
  • The Trial of Lucullus (1940), Brecht Collected Plays, vol. 4, p. 386.

• Do not rejoice in his defeat, you men. For though the world has stood up and stopped the bastard, the bitch that bore him is in heat again.
  • Referring to Arturo Ui (representing Adolf Hitler), in The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui (1941)

• To live means to finesse the processes to which one is subjugated.
  • "Notes on Philosophy" in On Politics and Society (1941).

• Mixing one's wines may be a mistake, but old and new wisdom mix admirably.
  • The Singer, in The Caucasian Chalk Circle (1944), Prologue

• Mitfühlend sehe ich
  Die geschwollenen Stirnadern, andeutend
  Wie anstrengend es ist, böse zu sein.
  • I see with sympathy
    The swollen veins on his brow, showing
    How exhausting it is to be evil.
  • "The Mask of Evil" ("Die Maske des Bösen", 1942), as translated in Brecht on Brecht: An Improvisation (1967) by George Tabori, p. 14

• It is not enough to demand insight and informative images of reality from the theater. Our theater must stimulate a desire for understanding, a delight in changing reality. Our audience must experience not only the ways to free Prometheus, but be schooled in the very desire to free him. Theater must teach all the pleasures and joys of discovery, all the feelings of triumph associated with liberation.
  • Essays on the Art of Theater (1954).

• The more innocent they are, the more they deserve to be shot.
  • On defendants in the Moscow Trials and on innocents betrayed by Communist Party members, as recounted by philosopher Sidney Hook, as quoted in Intellectuals (1990) by Paul Johnson, p. 190; though this might easily be interpreted as implying that anyone who had failed to conspire against Stalin deserved to be shot, Hook implies that he meant that the betrayal of innocents was justified. Henry Pachter is also quoted in Intellectuals as saying that Brecht had made similar remarks in his presence, and had added "Fifty years hence the communists will have forgotten Stalin, but I want to be sure that they will still read Brecht. Therefore I cannot separate myself from the Party."

• Some party hack decreed that the people
  had lost the government's confidence
  and could only regain it with redoubled effort.
  If that is the case, would it not be simpler,
  If the government simply dissolved the people
  And elected another?
  • "The Solution" ["Die Lösung", c. 1953), as translated in Brecht on Brecht : An Improvisation (1967) by George Tabori, p. 17
  • Variant translation:
  • The Secretary of the Writers Union
    Had flyers distributed in Stalin Way that said
    That the People had frivolously
    Thrown away the Government's Confidence
    And that they could only regain it
    Through Redoubled Work. But wouldn't it be
    Simpler if the Government
    Simply dissolved the People
    And elected another?

Life of Galileo (1939)

Leben des Galilei (1939) using primarily the translation by Arvid Englind, in the version brought to stage by Charles Laughton, working in collaboration with Brecht; also translated as Galileo. ISBN 0-8021-3059-3

• The world of knowledge takes a crazy turn
  When teachers themselves are taught to learn.
  • Scene 6

• Andrea: Unhappy is the land that breeds no hero.
  Galileo: No, Andrea: Unhappy is the land that needs a hero. [Unglücklich das Land, das Helden nötig hat.]
  • Scene 12, p. 115
  • Variant translations: Pity the country that needs heroes.
    Unhappy the land that is in need of heroes

• Science has only one commandment: contribution.
  • Andrea, in Scene 13, p. 122
  • Variant: Science knows only one commandment — contribute to science.
    • As translated by Howard Brenton (1980)

• The aim of science is not to open the door to infinite wisdom, but to set some limit on infinite error.

Mother Courage and Her Children (1939)

Mutter Courage und ihre Kinder (1939); as translated by Eric Bentley (1955), ISBN 0-8021-3082-8

• What they could do with round here is a good war. What else can you expect with peace running wild all over the place? You know what the trouble with peace is? No organization.
  • The Sergeant, in Scene 1

• Komm, geh mit angeln, sagte der Fischer zum Wurm.
  • Come fishing with me, said the fisherman to the worm.
    • Mutter Courage to the army recruiter when he tries to recruit her son in Scene 1

• War is like love, it always finds a way.
  • The Chaplain, in Scene 6, p. 76

• Sometimes I have visions of myself driving through hell, selling sulphur and brimstone, or through heaven peddling refreshments to the roaming souls. If me and the children I've got left could find a place where there's no shooting, I wouldn't mind a few years of peace and quiet.
  • Mother Courage

The Good Person of Sezuan (1943)

Der gute Mensch von Sezuan [The Good Person of Sezuan] using the translation The Good Woman of Setzuan (1943) by Eric Bentley ISBN 0-394-17109-8

• Bezeig du Interesse an ihrer Güte, denn keiner kann lang gut sein, wenn nicht Güte verlangt wird.[1]
  • Translation: Show interest in her goodness — for no one can be good for long if goodness is not in demand.
  • First God, in Scene 1a, p. 38

A Short Organum for the Theatre (1949)

For art to be 'unpolitical' means only to ally itself with the 'ruling' group.

Kleines Organon für das Theater (written 1948, published 1949), as translated in Brecht on Theatre (1964), translated and edited by John Willett

• We need a type of theatre which not only releases the feelings, insights and impulses possible within the particular historical field of human relations in which the action takes place, but employs and encourages those thoughts and feelings which help transform the field itself.
  • ¶ 35

• Society cannot share a common communication system so long as it is split into warring factions.
  • ¶ 55

• Will der Schauspieler nicht Papagei oder Affe sein, muß er sich das Wissen der Zeit über das menschliche Zusammenleben aneignen, indem er die Kämpfe der Klassen mitkämpft. Dies mag manchem wie eine Erniedrigung vorkommen, da er die Kunst, ist die Bezahlung geregelt, in die höchsten Sphären versetzt; aber die höchsten Entscheidungen für das Menschengeschlecht werden auf der Erde ausgekämpft, nicht in den Lüften; im »Äußern«, nicht in den Köpfen. Über den kämpfenden Klassen kann niemand stehen, da niemand über den Menschen stehen kann. Die Gesellschaft hat kein gemeinsames Sprachrohr, solange sie in kämpfende Klassen gespalten ist. So heißt unparteiisch sein für die Kunst nur: zur herrschenden Partei gehören.
  • Unless an actor is satisfied to be a parrot or a monkey he must master our period's knowledge of human social life by himself joining the war of the classes. Some people may feel this is degrading, because they rank art, once the money side has been settled, as one of the highest things; but mankind's highest decisions are in fact fought out on earth, not in the heavens; in the 'external world', not inside people's heads. Nobody can stand above the warring classes, for nobody can stand above the human race. Society cannot share a common communication system so long as it is split into warring classes. Thus for art to be 'unpolitical' means only to ally itself with the 'ruling' group.
  • ¶ 55

• If art reflects life, it does so with special mirrors.
  • ¶ 73

• Art and science coincide insofar as both aim to improve the lives of men and women. The latter normally concerns itself with profit, the former with pleasure. In the coming age, art will fashion our entertainment out of new means of productivity in ways that will simultaneously enhance our profit and maximize our pleasure.

Posthumous publication

• Firebugs dragging their gasoline bottles
  Are approaching the Academy of Arts, with a grin.
  And so, instead of embracing them,
  Let us demand the freedom of the elbow
  To knock the bottles out of their filthy hands.
  Even the most blockheaded bureaucrat,
  Provided he loves peace,
  Is a greater lover of the arts
  Than any so-called art-lover
  Who loves the arts of war.
  • "Freedom for Whom", as translated in Brecht on Brecht : An Improvisation (1967) by George Tabori, p. 18

• Because things are the way they are, things will not stay the way they are. (Weil die Dinge sind, wie sie sind, werden die Dinge nicht so bleiben wie sie sind.)
  • As quoted in Dictionary of Contemporary Quotations (1976) by John Gordon Burke and Ned Kehde, p. 224, also in The Book of Positive Quotations (2007) by John Cook, p. 390

• Engel verführt man gar nicht oder schnell.
  Verzieh ihn einfach in den Hauseingang
  Steck ihm die Zunge in den Mund und lang
  Ihm untern Rock, bis er sich naß macht, stell
  Ihm das Gesicht zur Wand, heb ihm den Rock
  Und fick ihn. Stöhnt er irgendwie beklommen
  Dann halt ihn fest und laß ihn zweimal kommen
  Sonst hat er dir am Ende einen Schock.
  Ermahn ihn, dass er gut den Hintern schwenkt
  Heiß ihn dir ruhig an die Hoden fassen
  Sag ihm, er darf sich furchtlos fallen lassen
  Dieweil er zwischen Erd und Himmel hängt –
  Doch schau ihm nicht beim Ficken ins Gesicht
  Und seine Flügel, Mensch, zerdrück sie nicht.

[Angels can not be seduced at all or quickly.
Pull him into the entryway,
stick your tongue in his mouth and reach
under his robe, til he gets wet; put
his face to the wall, lift his robe
and fuck him. If he stares in anguish
then hold him tightly and let him come two times;
otherwise, by the end, he'll be in shock.
Admonish him so he sways his butt;
let him know he's free to grab your balls.
Tell him he can fall without fear
while he is hanging between earth and heaven –
but don't look him in the face while you are fuck him
and, for heaven's sake, don't crush his wings.]

• "About the Seduction of an Angel" [Über die Verführung von Engeln]; the poem actually stems from Brecht's own pen, but Brecht signed it with the name of his contemporary, fellow German author (in exile) Thomas Mann
• As cited in Gregory Alexander Knott, Arnold Stadler: Heimat and Metaphysics, Weidler Buchverlag, 2009, p. 30.

Poems, 1913-1956 (1976)

Oh why do we not say the important things, it would be so easy, and we are damned because we do not.

Spring is noticed, if at all
By people sitting in railway trains.

Brecht, Bertolt (1976). John Willett, Ralph Manheim, eds.. ed (in English). Poems, 1913-1956. Erich Fried (2nd edition ed.). New York: Methuen. pp. 627 pages. ISBN 0-416-00091-6. 

• Oh why do we not say the important things, it would be so easy, and we are damned because we do not.
  • "Song about my mother" [Lied von meiner Mutter], from "Thirteen Psalms" (1920), trans. Christopher Middleton in Poems, 1913-1956, p. 40

• And when she was finished they laid her in earth
  Flowers growing, butterflies juggling over her...
  She, so light, barely pressed the earth down
  How much pain it took to make her as light as that!
  • "To my mother" [Meiner Mutter] (May 1920), trans. John Willett in Poems, 1913-1956, p. 49

• Worship with fulness of heart the weak memory of heaven!
  It cannot trace
  Either your name or your face
  Nobody knows you're still living.
  • "Great hymn of thanksgiving" [Grosser Dankchoral] (1920) from The Devotions (1922-1927); trans. Karl Neumann in Poems, 1913-1956, p. 74

• Oh the harsh snarl of guitar strings roaring!
  Heavenly distensions of our throats!
  Trousers stiff with dirt and love! Such whoring!
  Long green slimy nights: we were like stoats.
  • "Those days of my youth" [O, Ihr Zeiten meiner Jugend] (1921), trans. John Willett in Poems, 1913-1956, p. 76

• Marie Farrar: month of birth, April
  Died in the Meissen penitentiary
  An unwed mother, judged by the law, she will
  Show you how all that lives, lives frailly.
  You who bear your sons in laundered linen sheets
  And call your pregnancies a "blessed" state
  Should never damn the outcast and the weak:
  Her sin was heavy, but her suffering great.
  Therefore, I beg, make not your anger manifest
  For all that lives needs help from all the rest.
  • "Of the infanticide Marie Farrar" [Von der Kindesmörderin Marie Farrar] (1920) from Devotions (1922-1927); trans. Sidney H. Bremer in Poems, 1913-1956, p. 92

• Here today we huddle tight
  As the darkest heathens might
  The snow falls chilly on our skin
  The snow is forcing its way in.
  Hush, snow, come in with us to dwell:
  We were thrown out by Heaven as well.
  • "Christmas legend" [Weinachtslegende] (1923), Berliner Börsen-Courier (25 December 1924); trans. in Poems, 1913-1956, p. 99

• Come in, dear wind, and be our guest
  You too have neither home nor rest.
  • "Christmas legend" [Weinachtslegende] (1923) Berliner Börsen-Courier (25 December 1924); trans in Poems, 1913-1956, p. 100

• The rain
  Never falls upwards.
  When the wound
  Stops hurting
  What hurts is
  The scar.
  • "Poems Belonging to a Reader for Those who Live in Cities" [Zum Lesebuch für Städtebewohner gehörige Gedichte] (1926-1927), poem 10, trans. Frank Jones in Poems, 1913-1956, p. 148

• Spring is noticed, if at all
  By people sitting in railway trains.
  • "Concerning spring" [Über das Frühjahr] (1928), Uhu, Berlin, IV, 6 (March 1928); trans. Christopher Middleton in Poems, 1913-1956, p. 158

• On golden chairs
  Sitting at ease, you paid for the songs which we chanted
  To those less lucky. You paid us for drying their tears
  And for comforting all those whom you had wounded.
  • "Song of the cut-price poets" [Lied der preiswerten Lyriker] (1927/1933) from Songs Poems Choruses (1934); in Poems, 1913-1956, p. 161

• All the gang of those who rule us
  Hope our quarrels never stop
  Helping them to split and fool us
  So they can remain on top.
  • "Solidarity song" [Solidaritätslied] (1931), trans. John Willett in Poems, 1913-1956, p. 186

• Of all the works of man I like best
  Those which have been used.
  The copper pots with their dents and flattened edges
  The knives and forks whose wooden handles
  Have been worn away by many hands: such forms
  Seemed to me the noblest.
  • "Of all the works of man" [Von allen Werken] (c. 1932) in Poems, 1913-1956, p. 192

• Wie lange
  Dauern die Werke? So lange
  Als bis sie fertig sind.
  • How long
    Do works endure? As long
    As they are not completed.
  • "About the way to construct enduring works" [Über die Bauart langdauernder Werke] (1932), trans. Frank Jones in Poems, 1913-1956, p. 193

• With drooping shoulders
  The majority sit hunched, their foreheads furrowed like
  Stony ground that has been repeatedly ploughed-up to no purpose.
  • "Speech to Danish working-class actors on the art of observation" [Rede an dänische Arbeiterschauspieler über die Kunst der Beobachtung]] (1934), from The Messingkauf Poems, published in Versuche 14 (1955); trans. John Willett in Poems, 1913-1956, p. 235

• People will observe you to see
  How well you have observed.
  The man who only observes himself however never gains
  Knowledge of men. He is too anxious
  To hide himself from himself. And nobody is
  Cleverer than he himself is.
  • "Speech to Danish working-class actors on the art of observation" [Rede an dänische Arbeiterschauspieler über die Kunst der Beobachtung] (1934), from The Messingkauf Poems, published in Versuche 14 (1955); trans. John Willett in Poems, 1913-1956, pp. 235-236

• Play your part creatively in all the struggles
  Of men of your time, thereby
  Helping, with the seriousness of study and the cheerfulness of knowledge
  To turn the struggle into common experience and
  Justice into a passion.
  • "Speech to Danish working-class actors on the art of observation" [Rede an dänische Arbeiterschauspieler über die Kunst der Beobachtung] (1934), from The Messingkauf Poems, published in Versuche 14 (1955); trans. John Willett in Poems, 1913-1956, p. 238

• Events cast long shadows before.
  One such event would be a war.
  But how are shadows to be seen
  When total darkness fills the screen?
  • "Alphabet" [Alfabet] from "Five Children's Songs" (1934), trans. John Willett in Poems, 1913-1956, p. 239

The plum tree in the yard's so small
It's hardly like a tree at all...

• The plum tree in the yard's so small
  It's hardly like a tree at all.
  Yet there it is, railed round
  To keep it safe and sound.

  The poor thing can't grow any more
  Though if it could it would for sure.
  There's nothing to be done
  It gets too little sun.

  • "The Plum Tree" [Der Pfaumenbaum] (1934) from The Svendborg Poems [Svendborger Gedichte] (1939); in Poems, 1913-1956, p. 243

• When evil-doing comes like falling rain, nobody calls out "stop!"

  When crimes begin to pile up they become invisible. When sufferings become unendurable the cries are no longer heard. The cries, too, fall like rain in summer.

  • "When evil-doing comes like falling rain" [Wenn die Untat kommt, wie der Regen fällt] (1935), trans. John Willett in Poems, 1913-1956, p. 247

• Who built Thebes of the 7 gates ?
  In the books you will read the names of kings.
  Did the kings haul up the lumps of rock ?

  And Babylon, many times demolished,
  Who raised it up so many times ?

  In what houses of gold glittering Lima did its builders live ?
  Where, the evening that the Great Wall of China was finished, did the masons go?

  Great Rome is full of triumphal arches.
  Who erected them?

  Over whom did the Caesars triumph?

  Had Byzantium, much praised in song, only palaces for its inhabitants ?

  Even in fabled Atlantis, the night that the ocean engulfed it,
  The drowning still cried out for their slaves.

  The young Alexander conquered India.
  Was he alone?

  Caesar beat the Gauls.
  Did he not even have a cook with him?

  Philip of Spain wept when his armada went down.
  Was he the only one to weep?

  Frederick the Second won the Seven Years' War.
  Who else won it?

  Every page a victory.
  Who cooked the feast for the victors?

  Every ten years a great man.
  Who paid the bill?

  So many reports.

  So many questions.

  • "Questions from a worker who reads" [Fragen eines lesenden Arbeiters] (1935) from The Svendborg Poems (1939); trans. Michael Hamburger in Poems, 1913-1956, p. 252

• The headlong stream is termed violent
  But the river bed hemming it in is
  Termed violent by no one.
  • "On Violence" [Über die Gewalt] (1930s), trans. John Willett in Poems, 1913-1956, p. 276

• Little changes are the enemies of great changes.
  • "Quotation" [Zitat] (1930s), trans. Michael Morley in Poems, 1913-1956, p. 277

• Their peace and their war
  Are like wind and storm.

  War grows from their peace.

  • "Those at the top say: peace and war" [Die Oberen sagen: Friede und Krieg] from "A German War Primer" [Deutsche Kriegsfibel] (1937), trans. Lee Baxendall in Poems, 1913-1956, p. 288

• General, your tank
  is a powerful vehicle
  it smashes down forests
  and crushes a hundred men.
  but it has one defect:
  it needs a driver.
  • "General, Your Tank Is a Powerful Vehicle", in "From a German War Primer", part of the Svendborg Poems (1939); as translated by Lee Baxandall in Poems, 1913-1956, p. 289

• General, man is very useful.
  He can fly and he can kill.
  But he has one defect:
  He can think.
  • "General, Your Tank Is a Powerful Vehicle", in "From a German War Primer", part of the Svendborg Poems (1939); as translated by Lee Baxandall in Poems, 1913-1956, p. 289

• The man who laughs has simply not yet had the terrible news.
  • "To Those Born Later", part of the Svendborg Poems (1939)
  • quoted in Poems, 1913-1956, p. 318
  • Variation: He who laughs last has not yet heard the bad news.
  • German: Wer jetzt noch lacht, hat die neuesten Nachrichten noch nicht gehört.

• In den finsteren Zeiten
  Wird da auch gesungen werden?
  Da wird auch gesungen werden.
  Von den finsteren Zeiten.
  • In the dark times
    Will there also be singing?
    Yes, there will also be singing
    About the dark times.
  • "Motto to the 'Svendborg Poems' " [Motto der 'Svendborger Gedichte'] (1939), trans. John Willett in Poems, 1913-1956, p. 320

• This is the year which people will talk about
  This is the year which people will be silent about.

  The old see the young die.
  The foolish see the wise die.

  The earth no longer produces, it devours.
  The sky hurls down no rain, only iron.

  • "Finland 1940" [Finnland 1940] (1940), trans. Sammy McLean in Poems, 1913-1956, p. 350

• Every day, to earn my daily bread
  I go to the market where lies are bought
  Hopefully
  I take up my place among the sellers.
  • "Hollywood" (1942)
  • quoted in Poems, 1913-1956, p. 382

• High above the lake a bomber flies.
  From the rowing boats
  Children look up, women, an old man. From a distance
  They appear like young starlings, their beaks
  Wide open for food.
  • "This Summer's Sky" [Der Himmel dieses Sommers], (1953), trans. Michael Hamburger in Poems, 1913-1956, p. 444

• And I always thought: the very simplest words
  Must be enough. When I say what things are like
  Everyone's heart must be torn to shreds.
  That you'll go down if you don't stand up for yourself
  Surely you see that.
  • "And I always thought" [Und ich dachte immer] (c. 1956), trans. Michael Hamburger in Poems, 1913-1956, p. 452

Disputed

• Art is not a mirror to hold up to society, but a hammer with which to shape it.
  • Mistakenly attributed to Vladimir Mayakovsky in The Political Psyche (1993) by Andrew Samuels, p. 9; mistakenly attributed to Brecht in Paulo Freire: A Critical Encounter (1993) by Peter McLaren and Peter Leonard, p. 80; variant translation: "Art is not a mirror held up to society, but a hammer with which to shape it."
  • First recorded in Leon Trotsky, Literature and Revolution (1924; edited by William Keach (2005), Ch. 4: Futurism, p. 120): "Art, it is said, is not a mirror, but a hammer: it does not reflect, it shapes."

• The worst illiterate is the political illiterate, he doesn’t hear, doesn’t speak, nor participates in the political events. He doesn’t know the cost of life, the price of the bean, of the fish, of the flour, of the rent, of the shoes and of the medicine, all depends on political decisions. The political illiterate is so stupid that he is proud and swells his chest saying that he hates politics. The imbecile doesn’t know that, from his political ignorance is born the prostitute, the abandoned child, and the worst thieves of all, the bad politician, corrupted and flunky of the national and multinational companies.
  • First recorded in Terra Nossa: Newsletter of Project Abraço, North Americans in Solidarity with the People of Brazil, Vols. 1–7, Resource Center for Nonviolence, 1988, p. 42. No citation to a book by Brecht is given.

• If you fight you might lose, if you don’t you have already lost.

Misattributed

• What if they gave a war and no one came? Then the war will come to you.
  • Amalgamation of Carl Sandburg's quote "Sometime they’ll give a war and nobody will come" with a sentence from Brecht's Koloman Wallisch Kantate: "When the people are disarmed / War will come" ("Wenn das Volk entwaffnet ist / Kommt der Krieg"). - Source

Quotes about Brecht

• There is a wonderful sentence, a statement, by one of Bertolt Brecht's characters, he says: "I am that man that goes around with a brick in his hand, to show the world how his house was." And that's the way I feel about my books in a way, that they are my bricks. I can show people what I believe my world was, so I've not lost it.
  • 1990 interview included in Conversations with Isabel Allende (1999)

• Yesterday, a long conversation in Brecht’s sickroom about my essay "The Author as Producer." Brecht thought the theory I develop in the essay — that the attainment of technical progress in literature eventually changes the function of art forms (hence also of the intellectual means of production) and is therefore a criterion for judging the revolutionary function of literary works — applies to artists of only one type, the writers of the upper bourgeoisie, among whom he counts himself. "For such a writer," he said, "there really exists a point of solidarity with the interests of the proletariat: it is the point at which he can develop his own means of production. Because he identifies with the proletariat at this point, he is proletarianized — completely so — at this same point, i.e. as a producer. And his complete proletarianization at this one point establishes his solidarity with the proletariat all along the line."
  • Walter Benjamin, Diary entry, July 4, 1934

• I will quote Brecht: “I’m on the side of the people.”
  • Edwidge Danticat Interview (2003)

• I turned to Brecht and asked him why, if he felt the way he did about Jerome and the other American Communists, he kept on collaborating with them, particularly in view of their apparent approval or indifference to what was happening in the Soviet Union. ... Brecht shrugged his shoulders and kept on making invidious remarks about the American Communist Party and asserted that only the Soviet Union and its Communist Party mattered. ... But I argued ... it was the Kremlin and above all Stalin himself who were responsible for the arrest and imprisonment of the opposition and their dependents. It was at this point that he said in words I have never forgotten, 'As for them, the more innocent they are, the more they deserve to be shot.' I was so taken aback that I thought I had misheard him. 'What are you saying?' I asked. He calmly repeated himself, 'The more innocent they are, the more they deserve to be shot.' ... I was stunned by his words. 'Why? Why?' I exclaimed. All he did was smile at me in a nervous sort of way. I waited, but he said nothing after I repeated my question. I got up, went into the next room, and fetched his hat and coat. When I returned, he was still sitting in his chair, holding a drink in his hand. When he saw me with his hat and coat, he looked surprised. He put his glass down, rose, and with a sickly smile took his hat and coat and left. Neither of us said a word. I never saw him again.
  • Sidney Hook, Out of Step (1985)

• I am working for the courage to admit the truth that Bertolt Brecht has written; he says, "It takes courage to say that the good were defeated not because they were good, but because they were weak." I cherish the mercy and the grace of women’s work. But I know there is new work that we must undertake as well: that new work will make defeat detestable to us. That new women’s work will mean we will not die trying to stand up: we will live that way: standing up. I came too late to help my mother to her feet. By way of everlasting thanks to all of the women who have helped me to stay alive I am working never to be late again.
  • June Jordan, "Many Rivers To Cross" (1981)

• I've been thinking about Brecht's comment on creating apolitical art: it's like painting a still life on a sinking ship, he said.
  • Melanie Kaye/Kantrowitz "While Patriarchy Explodes: Writing In A Time Of Crisis" in The Issue is Power: Essays on Women, Jews, Violence and Resistance (1992)

• I began to write poetry in English before I could properly speak or write. Since I wrote free verse in ordinary speech, patterning my style after Bertolt Brecht, and getting effects by sharply contrasting images and striking sound patterns, I could achieve some sort of effect with the most primitive means.
  • Gerda Lerner, Why History Matters: Life and Thought (1997)

• In my conscious effort to become an American writer, I gave up my German literary models-Thomas Mann, Knut Hamsun, Karl Kraus. I read all the O. Henry Award-winning short-story collections of the past decade, Hemingway, Dos Passos and Faulkner. Richard Wright's work struck me with elemental force-he spoke from the gut in a way I wished I could speak, but that seemed utterly unobtainable to me at that time. Carl and I read Carl Sandburg, Vachel Lindsay and Walt Whitman aloud to each other. The only German author I was not willing to give up was Bertolt Brecht, whose work on the emigration experience spoke to me directly and powerfully. I was determined that Carl must learn to appreciate Brecht as I did. I developed the ability to do simultaneous translation, reading in German and speaking in English, but I never did get Brecht's poetic quality right until much later, when I translated some of his work in earnest and with care, in writing...Brecht wrote eloquently about the cost paid by the writer forced to abandon his language.
  • Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography (2002)

• In 1935 German communist poet and playwright Bertolt Brecht wrote an essay, "Writing the Truth: Five Difficulties," about the challenges facing writers during a time of political repression and manipulation. He said, "The writer who wishes to combat lies and ignorance and to write the truth must overcome at least five difficulties." These were "the courage to write the truth when truth is everywhere opposed; the keenness to recognize it, although it is everywhere concealed; the skill to manipulate it as a weapon; the judgment to select those in whose hands it will be effective; and the cunning to spread the truth among such persons." Brecht wrote, "We must tell the truth about evil conditions to those for whom the conditions are worst, and we must also learn the truth from them. We must address not only people who hold certain views, but people who, because of their situation, should hold these views....Even the hangmen can be addressed when the payment for hanging stops, or when the work becomes too dangerous." If people don't hold the views we expect their lives to generate, we need to listen more deeply, listen to the layers of stories underlying the ones they tell, until we find the layer where our truths meet. Finally, Brecht speaks of cunning, the skill to evade repression but also to work around people's resistance to the truth, to make intentional choices about whether and how to encode our messages, based entirely on what will be most effective. Some radicals insist on using the clichéd language of bloody chains and groaning masses, phrases that make them feel militant but limit their audience. Sometimes it's more effective to say "profit-driven society" instead of "capitalism," "making war on people to steal their stuff" instead of "imperialism." Brecht asked writers to act based on the results we want to achieve, not just on what makes us feel good in the moment.
  • Aurora Levins Morales Medicine Stories: Essays for Radicals (2019 edition)

• As a youth I enjoyed — indeed, like most of my contemporaries, revered — the agitprop plays of Brecht, and his indictments of Capitalism. It later occurred to me that his plays were copyrighted, and that he, like I, was living through the operations of that same free market. His protestations were not borne out by his actions, neither could they be. Why, then, did he profess Communism? Because it sold. The public’s endorsement of his plays kept him alive; as Marx was kept alive by the fortune Engels’s family had made selling furniture; as universities, established and funded by the Free Enterprise system — which is to say by the accrual of wealth — house, support, and coddle generations of the young in their dissertations on the evils of America.
  • David Mamet, The Secret Knowledge: On the Dismantling of American Culture (2011). New York, Sentinel, p. 2

• this sequence has that title coming from a poem by Bertolt Brecht, the great German playwright and poet, a revolutionary playwright and poet, I should add, who wrote a poem in which he said, “What kind of times are these, when it seems almost a crime to talk about trees, because it means keeping silent about so many evil deeds.” And so, I called the whole sequence “What Kind of Times Are These.” And in it, I was just playing with the sense of what it was like—what it is like to be alive in this country in the 1990s—the encroaching power of the capitalist economy, the denial of any kind of counterbalancing past, the wiping out of history, and also the need to find happiness and pleasure in the midst of such dark times, and how that can carry you through to be aware, as open-eyed as you can of what is going on in your time, and at the same time, as Rosa Luxemburg advised, to seize every beautiful cloud and every joyful moment. And so, this little sequence of poems came out of that kind of musing.
  • Adrienne Rich Interview with Democracy Now (1997)

• I love Brecht and Fassbinder, of course.
  • Adania Shibli Interview (2020)

External links

• The International Brecht Society
• Bertolt Brecht's Photo & Gravesite
• Poem of Brecht on the street in Portland
• Essay on Brecht and Christopher Okigbo
• Brecht's works in English: A bibliography
• Brechts Werke, Bibliography