Renewable energy

Renewable energy is energy generated from natural resources — such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides and geothermal heat — which are renewable (naturally replenished). Renewable energy technologies include solar power, wind power, hydroelectricity, micro hydro, biomass and biofuels.

A combined heat and power solar installation on a barn roof in Germany.

Sourced

Wind turbines in Gansu province, China.

• There is one forecast of which you can already be sure: someday renewable energy will be the only way for people to satisfy their energy needs. Because of the physical, ecological and (therefore) social limits to nuclear and fossil energy use, ultimately nobody will be able to circumvent renewable energy as the solution, even if it turns out to be everybody’s last remaining choice. The question keeping everyone in suspense, however, is whether we shall succeed in making this radical change of energy platforms happen early enough to spare the world irreversible ecological mutilation and political and economic catastrophe.
  • Hermann Scheer, member of the German Bundestag and President of the European Association for Renewable Energy, in his book Energy Autonomy: The Economic, Social and Technological Case for Renewable Energy (2006). Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. ISBN 9781844073559.

• More solar energy falls on Earth in one hour than all the energy our civilization consumes in an entire year. If we could harness a tiny fraction of the available solar and wind power, we could supply all our energy needs forever, and without adding any carbon to the atmosphere.
  • From the twelfth episode of the U.S. science documentary television series Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey, first broadcast on June 1, 2014.

• Although photosynthesis typically has an energy conversion efficiency below three percent, it is, together with heat from the sun, the main energy source of all living organisms, and the energy source from which biomass and fossil fuels are derived. Each year the earth receives an energy input from the sun equal to 15,000 times the world's commercial energy consumption and 100 times the world's proven coal, gas and oil reserves.
  • Bernhard Scheffler, quoted by J. Clarke and D. Holt-Biddle in Coming Back to Earth, p. 78 (2002)

• Every percentage point increase in homegrown renewable energy makes us that much more energy secure. The progress in electricity is encouraging, but growth is not yet strong enough in renewable heat and transport to meet the government's objectives.
  • Nina Skorupska, chief executive of the UK's Renewable Energy Association, as quoted in "Wind and other renewables generated a fifth of Britain's electricity in early 2014" The Guardian. June 26, 2014.

• One of the real breakthroughs is when someone figures out long-term storage capacity.
  • George Shultz, US statesman and economist, discussing the need for improvements in batteries or other energy storage technology to better integrate solar and wind energy into the electrical grid, as quoted in "George Shultz: 'Climate is changing,' and we need more action: Former secretary of state - and former MIT professor - urges progress on multiple fronts" MIT News. October 1, 2014.

"The only way you can get to the very positive {CO₂ reduction} scenario is by great innovation. Innovation really does bend the curve" - Bill Gates, global philanthropist and founder of Microsoft.

• The only way you can get to the very positive scenario is by great innovation. Innovation really does bend the curve.
  • Bill Gates, global philanthropist and founder of Microsoft, arguing that the cost of reducing CO₂ emissions using existing technologies is "beyond astronomical." From "Gates to double investment in renewable energy projects: Microsoft co-founder takes interest in new areas of research like in solar, high wind and new nuclear" Financial Times. June 25, 2015.

• If you told me that innovation had been frozen and we just have today's technologies, will the world run the climate change experiment? You bet we will. We will not deny India coal plants; we will run the scary experiment of heating up the atmosphere and seeing what happens. The only reason I'm optimistic about this problem is because of innovation. . . . I want to tilt the odds in our favor by driving innovation at an unnaturally high pace, or more than its current business-as-usual course. I see that as the only thing. I want to call up India someday and say, "Here's a source of energy that is cheaper than your coal plants, and by the way, from a global pollution and local pollution point of view, it's also better."
  • Bill Gates, in "We need an energy miracle" (Interview with Bill Gates). The Atlantic. November 2015 issue.

• Cheaper coal and cheaper gas will not derail the transformation and decarbonisation of the world’s power systems. By 2040, zero-emission energy sources will make up 60% of installed capacity.
  • Bloomberg New Energy Finance report entitled "New Energy Outlook 2016 (An annual long-term view of how the world's power markets will evolve in the future)".

• We have long supported a carbon tax as the best policy of those being considered. Replacing the hodge-podge of current, largely ineffective regulations with a revenue-neutral carbon tax would ensure a uniform and predictable cost of carbon across the economy. It would allow market forces to drive solutions. It would maximize transparency, reduce administrative complexity, promote global participation and easily adjust to future developments in our understanding of climate science as well as the policy consequences of these actions.
  • Rex Tillerson, Chairman and CEO of ExxonMobil, in a speech entitled "The Path Forward in Today’s Energy Environment" delivered at the 37th Annual Oil and Money Conference in London on October 19, 2016.

• Rather than an eyesore on the roof, it becomes actually a feature of the home. People are going to start wanting to put {building-integrated photovoltaics} on the front side of their home to show that they have solar.
  • Christopher Klinga, technical director of the (U.S.-based) Architectural Solar Association, as quoted in "The Next Solar Energy Revolution Is Hiding in Plain Sight." NBCNews.com. April 10, 2017.

• [W]ind and solar power have been rapidly winning market acceptance. Last year, the installed capacity of solar power in the United States nearly doubled. And wind is now being harnessed to produce 5.5 percent of America’s electricity, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
  • Norm Alster, journalist, in "Investing in Solar and Wind in a Coal and Oil Moment." The New York Times. April 15, 2017.

"A carbon tax will send a powerful price signal that harnesses the invisible hand of the marketplace to steer economic actors towards a low-carbon future." - "Economists’ Statement on Carbon Dividends" signed by more than 3,500 economists, including every living former chair of the US Federal Reserve (pictured, from left to right: Janet Yellen, Alan Greenspan, Ben Bernanke and Paul Volcker).

• A carbon tax offers the most cost-effective lever to reduce carbon emissions at the scale and speed that is necessary. By correcting a well-known market failure, a carbon tax will send a powerful price signal that harnesses the invisible hand of the marketplace to steer economic actors towards a low-carbon future. . . . A consistently rising carbon price will encourage technological innovation and large-scale infrastructure development.
  • "Economists’ Statement on Carbon Dividends: Bipartisan agreement on how to combat climate change." (Statement signed by more than 3,500 economists, including every living former chair of the U.S. Federal Reserve and 27 Nobel laureates.)
    • Economists’ Statement on Carbon Dividends (The statement's original publication - subscription required to view in full.) The Wall Street Journal. January 16, 2019.
    • Economists’ Statement on Carbon Dividends (Republication - no subscription needed to view.) Republished by the Climate Leadership Council. Originally published on January 16, 2019.

• The clean energy portfolios of some of the largest corporate buyers rival those of the world’s biggest utilities. These companies are facing mounting pressure from investors to decarbonize - clean energy contracts serve as a way to diversify energy spend and reduce susceptibility to the tangible risks associated with climate change.
  • Kyle Harrison, sustainability analyst at BloombergNEF and lead author of its 1H 2020 Corporate Energy Market Outlook report, as quoted in a summary discussing the report entitled "corporate-clean-energy-buying-leapt-44-in-2019-sets-new-record/ "Corporate Clean Energy Buying Leapt 44% in 2019, Sets New Record", published on January 28, 2020.

• [N]ew renewable power generation projects now increasingly undercut existing coal-fired plants. On average, new solar photovoltaic (PV) and onshore wind power cost less than keeping many existing coal plants in operation, and auction results show this trend accelerating – reinforcing the case to phase-out coal entirely.
  • International Renewable Energy Agency press release entitled "Renewables Increasingly Beat Even Cheapest Coal Competitors on Cost: Competitive power generation costs make investment in renewables highly attractive as countries target economic recovery from COVID-19, new IRENA report finds." June 2, 2020.

• I think it’s clear now that energy has to be clean. . . . And we should do it in ways that give jobs to everybody. . . . There’s so much to do in renewable power, there is so little to do in coal.
  • William McDonough, as quoted in "Eliminating the concept of waste from the economy", from the Marketplace Morning Report segment of the US National Public Radio Morning Edition program, August 19, 2020.

• The transition to renewable energy can be greatly accelerated if the world’s governments finally bring the engineers to the fore... I was recently on a panel with three economists and a senior business-sector engineer. After the economists spoke... the engineer spoke succinctly and wisely. “I don’t really understand what you economists were just speaking about, but I do have a suggestion... Tell us engineers the desired ‘specs’ and the timeline, and we’ll get the job done.” This is not bravado.... The next big act belongs to the engineers. Energy transformation for climate safety is our twenty-first-century moonshot.
  • Jeffrey Sachs in For Climate Safety, Call in the Engineers, Project Syndicate (20 December 2018)

See also

• Green New Deal
• List of renewable energy topics by country
• Solar energy
• Sustainable energy
• Wave power
• Wind power