Aversion

preference in decision theory and economics of known risks to unknown risks

Aversion (also known as uncertainty aversion) in decision theory and economics is described as an attitude of preference for known risks over unknown risks. People would rather choose an option with fewer unknown elements than with many unknown elements. Ambiguous events have a much greater degree of uncertainty. This includes the uncertainty of outcome and also the probability of an event occurring or the payoff associated with such events. The reaction is behavioral and still being formalized.

Matthew Arnold: The World in which we live and move Outlasts aversion, outlasts love:Outlasts each effort, interest, hope,Remorse, grief, joy...
Anthony Burgess: To impose good , whether through force or through some technique like aversion therapy, is evil. To act evilly is better than to have good imposed.
Colette: My true friends have always given me that supreme proof of devotion, a spontaneous aversion for the man I loved.
Ralph Waldo Emerson:… . If you are noble, I will love you; if you are not, I will not hurt you and myself by hypocritical attentions.

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  • The World in which we live and move Outlasts aversion, outlasts love:Outlasts each effort, interest, hope,Remorse, grief, joy...
  • And I not only inherited an aversion to the nine-to-five routine, but the sense from my parents that being bored and boring is the worst thing that you can be.
  • I'm against big bureaucracy in Washington making health care decisions. I just have an aversion to bureaucrats. But it's not just government bureaucrats. I don't like HMO bureaucrats and insurance company bureaucrats either.
  • He had been haunted his whole life by a mild case of claustrophobia—the vestige of a childhood incident he had never quite overcome. Langdon’s aversion to closed spaces was by no means debilitating, but it had always frustrated him. It manifested itself in subtle ways. He avoided enclosed sports like racquetball or squash, and he had gladly paid a small fortune for his airy, high-ceilinged Victorian home even though economical faculty housing was readily available. Langdon had often suspected his attraction to the art world as a young boy sprang from his love of museums’ wide open spaces.
  • One who shows signs of mental aberration is, inevitably, perhaps, but cruelly, shut off from familiar, thoughtless intercourse, partly excommunicated; his isolation is unwittingly proclaimed to him on every countenance by curiosity, indifference, aversion, or pity, and in so far as he is human enough to need free and equal communication and feel the lack of it, he suffers pain and loss of a kind and degree which others can only faintly imagine, and for the most part ignore.
  • He who has conquered the feelings of pleasure, wrath, avarice, attachment, vanity and aversion , this one is peace itself, and free from all pride.
    • Mahatma Dattatrey, in “Wisdom for the Soul: Five Millennia of Prescriptions for Spiritual Healing” p. 236.
 
Albert Einstein:I can understand your aversion to the use of the term religion to describe an emotional and psychological attitude which shows itself most clearly in Spinoza … I have not found a better expression than religious for the trust in the rational nature of reality that is, at least to a certain extent, accessible to human reason.
  • I appeal from your customs. I must be myself. I cannot break myself any longer for you, or you. If you can love me for what I am, we shall be happier. If you cannot, I will still seek to deserve that you should. I must be myself. I will not hide my tastes or aversions. I will so trust that what is deep is holy, that I will do strongly before the sun and moon whatever inly rejoices me and the heart appoints. If you are noble, I will love you; if you are not, I will not hurt you and myself by hypocritical attentions.
  • Society everywhere is in conspiracy against the manhood of every one of its members. The virtue in most request is conformity. Self-reliance is its aversion. It loves not realities and creators, but names and customs.
 
Oliver Goldsmith, on Charles II of England: His indolence and love of pleasure, made his averse to all kinds of business...
  • I was assigned to the Waffen-SS but was never involved in any crime. Besides, I always felt the need to write about my experiences in a larger context one day. This has only developed recently, now that I have overcome my inner aversion to writing an autobiography in the first place, specifically one having to do with my younger years.
  • If every day a man takes orders in silence from an incompetent superior, if every day he solemnly performs ritual acts which he privately finds ridiculous, if he unhesitatingly gives answers to questionnaires which are contrary to his real opinions and is prepared to deny his own self in public, if he sees no difficulty in feigning sympathy or even affection where, in fact, he feels only indifference or aversion, it still does not mean that he has entirely lost the use of one of the basic human senses, namely, the sense of humiliation.
  • You know quite well, deep within you, that there is a single magic, a single power, a single salvation, and single happiness, and that is called loving. Then love your suffering. Do not resist it, do not flee from it. Taste how sweet it is in its essence, give yourself to it do not meet it with aversion. It is only aversion that hurts, nothing else.
    • Herman Hesse, in “Wisdom for the Soul: Five Millennia of Prescriptions for Spiritual Healing” p. 680.
  • Faith is harder to shake than knowledge, love succumbs less to change than respect, hate is more enduring than aversion, and the impetus to the mightiest upheavals on this earth has at all times consisted less in a scientific knowledge dominating the masses than in a fanaticism which inspire them and some times in a hysteria which drove them forward.
 
Robert G. Ingersoll: *It has always been a mystery to me how Adam, Eve, and the serpent were taught the same language. Where did they get it?...
 
Alan Moore:*All too often education actually acts as a form of aversion therapy, that what we're really teaching our children is to associate learning with work and to associate work with drudgery so that the remainder of their lives they will possibly never go near a book because they associate books with learning, learning with work and work with drudgery.
  • It has always been a mystery to me how Adam, Eve, and the serpent were taught the same language. Where did they get it? We know now, that it requires a great number of years to form a language; that it is of exceedingly slow growth. We also know that by language, man conveys to his fellows the impressions made upon him by what he sees, hears, smells and touches. We know that the language of the savage consists of a few sounds, capable of expressing only a few ideas or states of the mind, such as love, desire, fear, hatred, aversion and contempt. Many centuries are required to produce a language capable of expressing complex ideas. It does not seem to me that ideas can be manufactured by a deity and put in the brain of man. These ideas must be the result of observation and experience.”
  • We are motivated more by aversion to the unpleasant than by a will toward truth, freedom, or healing. We are constantly attempting to escape our life, to avoid rather than enter our pain we, and we wonder why it is so difficult to be fully alive. (43)”
  • All too often education actually acts as a form of aversion therapy, that what we're really teaching our children is to associate learning with work and to associate work with drudgery so that the remainder of their lives they will possibly never go near a book because they associate books with learning, learning with work and work with drudgery.
 
Conor Oberst: I was raised Catholic, and I have an aversion to anyone who takes religion to the extreme.
 
Maharishi Patanjali, an incarnation of Adi Sesha: Aversion is a form of bondage. We are tied to what we hate of fear...
 
Carroll Quigley: In fact, this network, which we may identify as the Round Table Groups, has no aversion to cooperating with the Communists, or any other groups, and frequently does so.
  • Aversion is a form of bondage. We are tied to what we hate of fear. That is why, in our lives, the same problem, the same danger or difficulty, will present itself over and overage in various prospects as long as we continue to resist or run away from it instead of examining it and solving it.
    • Patanjali (200-150 BC), in “Wisdom for the Soul: Five Millennia of Prescriptions for Spiritual Healing” p. 274.
  • NASA's myriad failures are in many ways the natural consequence of a catastrophic combination of bureaucracy, monopoly, and a calcifying aversion to the kind of risk necessary for innovation.
 
Robert Louis Stevenson: I regard you with an indifference closely bordering on aversion.
 
Ellen G. White: Those who are devoted to amusements; who love the society of those who love pleasure, have an aversion to religious exercises.
  • I regard you with an indifference closely bordering on aversion.
  • The aversion to change is in large part an aversion to the bother of making the readjustment which any given change will necessitate; and this solidarity of the system of institutions of any given culture or of any given people strengthens the instinctive resistance offered to any change in men's habits of thought, even in matters which, taken by themselves, are of minor importance.

Anonymous

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  • The definition of an aversion is a dislike or distaste for something or someone, or a desire to avoid something or someone.An example of an aversion is when you dislike hot dogs and refuse to eat them as a result.
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