Radha

Hindu goddess of love, chief consort of god Krishna

Radha (Devanagari: राधा, IAST: Rādhā), also called Radhika and Radharani is the Hindu goddess of Love and the eternal and chief consort of the god Krishna. She is depicted alongside Krishna, and features prominently within the theology of today's Radha Vallabh tradition, Nimbarka Sampradaya, Pushtimarg, and Gaudiya Vaishnava sects, which regard Radha as the original Goddess or Shakti that resided in Goloka with Krishna. Radha is also revered as the incarnation of Lakshmi.

Idols of Radha Krishna

Quotes

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Radha is the principal god of worship in the Nimbarka Sampradaya, as Nimbarka, the founder of the tradition, declared that Radha and Krishna together constitute the absolute truth. Radha is the most important gopi in Raas (Special kind of dance) with Lord Krishna. Radha is reverred as the goddess of love, compassion and devotion. Radha along with Krishna forms the "Ardhnareshwar form" of God where in left, half part is of Radha's and in right, other half part is of Krishna's. Radha is also called Vrindavaneshwari as she is considered as the queen of Vrindavan. Radha's love for Krishna is so divine and selfless that it is believed that the Krishna who attracts the whole world, himself gets attracted towards Radharani.

  • When Radha and Krishna descended on the Earth, Radha became the wife of another gopa (who himself was the part of Krishna) but always remained the most beloved of Krishna’s consorts and his constant companion. In the bhakti (devotional) movement of Vaishnavism, the female, Radha, symbolizes the human soul and the male, Krishna, the divine.
 
Beautiful Radha, Jasmine bosomed Radha,
All in the Spring-time waited by the wood
For Krishna fair, Krishna the all-forgetful, -
Krishna with earthly love's false fire consuming –
And some one of her maidens sang this song.
  • Then she, the maid of Radha, speaks again;
    And pointing far away between the leaves
    Guided her lovely Mistress where to look,
    And note how Krishna wantoned in the wood
    Now with this one, now that; his heart, her prize;
    Panting with foolish passions, and his eyes
    Beaming with too much love of those fair girls --
    Fair, but not so as Radha; and she sang
 
But may he guide us all to glory high
who laughed when the Radha glided, hidden, by,
An all among those damsels free and bold
Touch Krishna with a soft mouth, kind and cold;
And like the others leaning upon his breast,
Unlike the others, left their Love’s unrest;
And like the others, joining in his song,
Or like the others, made him silent long. - Jayadeva.
  • But may he guide us all to glory high
    who laughed when the Radha glided, hidden, by,
    An all among those damsels free and bold
    Touch Krishna with a soft mouth, kind and cold;
    And like the others leaning upon his breast,
    Unlike the others, left their Love’s unrest;
    And like the others, joining in his song,
    Or like the others, made him silent long.
  • All the ancient books that refer to Sri Krishna, the name of Sri Radha occurs in:- Brahmavaivarta Purana, Garg Sanhita,Agni Purana,shiv purana,Srimad Devi Buagavatam purana| mahatmya and in the Gita- govindam works of poet [ [Jaideva|Jaidev] ] ,in Jagannathastakam [ [ Sri Adi-Shankaracharya] ] , in Radhikopanishad Rig Veda, Some scholars have brought in Radha again and again in their discourses on “Bhagavata”, even though there is no mention of Radha in the original book.
    • Mihir Jha in: "Was there a salacious dimension in Radha-Krishna relationship: An Open Letter to Swapan Dasgupta".
  • Vishnu offers Ganesha his worship by calling him Ekadanta, Heramba, Vighnayaka, Lambodara, Shurpakarna, Gajavaktra and Guhagraja. Praising Ganesha, Radha, the most beloved companion of Sri Krishna recited the mantra.
    • B.R. Kishore in: Lord Ganesh, Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd, p. 19.
  • It is a classical dance [Odissi], danced mostly by women...It originated in the temples where the composers, singers, and the dancers came together. It centered on the celestial love of Krishna and Radha. At one time it was performed by the Devadasis dedicated to the temples but now it has spread out to the homes and cultural institutions. But the purity is maintained and the essentials are always kept in view.
  • Whether you accept Rādhā and Krishna, or not, please do accept their attraction for each other. Try to create that same yearning in your heart for God. Yearning is all you need in order to realize Him.
  • In Caitanya Charitamrta (Adi-Lila 4.56), Krishnadas Kaviraj Goswami says, "Radha Krishna Ek Atma, Dui Dui Dehadari, Anyaoone Vilase Rasasvadana Kori". This means that both Radha and Krishna are one soul who take the form of two individual bodies so that they can cherish different mood of love (rasa).
 
Kama (lust) is blind and leads to hell. Prema is love, it leads to heaven. There is no idea of lust or sympathy in the love of Krishna and Radha. Radha says to Krishna, "If you place your feet on my heart, all lust will vanish".
 
Take the story of Râdhâ and Krishna in Râsalilâ. The story simply exemplifies the true spirit of a Bhakta, because no love in the world exceeds that existing between a man and a woman. When there is such intense love, there is no fear, no other attachment save that one which binds that pair in an inseparable and all-absorbing bond. But with regard to parents, love is accompanied with fear due to the reverence we have for them. Why should we care whether God created anything or not, what have we to do with the fact that He is our preserver? ... - Swami Vivekananda.
  • Take the story of Râdhâ and Krishna in Râsalilâ. The story simply exemplifies the true spirit of a Bhakta, because no love in the world exceeds that existing between a man and a woman. When there is such intense love, there is no fear, no other attachment save that one which binds that pair in an inseparable and all-absorbing bond. But with regard to parents, love is accompanied with fear due to the reverence we have for them. Why should we care whether God created anything or not, what have we to do with the fact that He is our preserver? He is only our Beloved, and we should adore Him devoid all thoughts of fear. A man loves God only when he has no other desire, when he thinks of nothing else and when he is mad after Him. That love which a man has for his beloved can illustrate the love we ought to have for God. Krishna is the God and Radha loves Him; read those books which describe that story, and then you can imagine the way you should love God. But how many understand this? How can people who are vicious to their very core and have no idea of what morality is understand all this?

Encyclopedia of Hindu Gods and Goddesses

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Radha fell madly in love with Krishna and became immortal. Now her image can be seen side by side with Krishna in most of the temples.
 
In all the stories of Krishna's youth Radha is given the most prominent place and in dances, known as Raas-lila dances. Radha is invariably shown dancing together with Krishna while all other cowgirls are only seen moving in circle around the two.

Suresh Chandra in: Encyclopaedia of Hindu Gods and Goddesses, Sarup & Sons, 1998.

  • Krishna, the Avatar of Vishnu is worshipped throughout India in many ways. The actual meaning of Krishna is “The Dark One”. Krishna’s popular consort’s name is Radha.
    • In: p. 106.
  • In the later centuries' accounts probably during the tenth and twelfth century, a cowherd girl named Radha came into great prominence as the constant lover and companion of Krishna. She was the daughter of Vrishbhanu and Kirtida. This woman fell madly in love with Krishna and became immortal. Now her image can be seen side by side with Krishna in most of the temples.
    • In: p. 184.
  • In all the stories of Krishna's youth Radha is given the most prominent place and in dances, known as Raas-lila dances. Radha is invariably shown dancing together with Krishna while all other cowgirls are only seen moving in circle around the two.
    • In: p. 184.
  • These days this episode is given a philosophical meaning stating that Radha represents the soul while Krishna represents God. Thus Radha' s love means yearning of the soul for merger with the Almighty.
    • In: p. 184.
  • She [Lakshmi] is reincarnated with each of his other avatars — thus beside Rama she becomes Sita, said to have been born from a furrow, and with Krisna she is first Radha, then Rukmini.
    • In: p. 197.
 
Radha emerges fully as a goddess from the twelfth century AD onwards and she is one of the central figures in the poetry of Vidyapati, who places her as a cosmic queen. One of the creation accounts describes how Krishna divides himself into two parts, one of which is Radha.
  • In literature, Radha emerged fully as a goddess from the twelfth century AD onwards and she is one of the central figures in the poetry of Vidyapati, who places her as a cosmic queen. One of the creation accounts describes how Krishna divides himself into two parts, one of which is Radha. They make love for an age and their sweat and heavy breathing become the world's oceans and winds. Radha gives birth to the golden egg of the universe, which floats on the primal waters for a year until the god Vishnu emerges.
    • In: p. 259.

Sri Gayatri Mantrartha Dipika - Illuminations on the Essential Meaning of Gayatri

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Among the eternal associates of the Lord the gopis are the most exalted, and among the gopis Srimati Radharani is the best. ...

Swami B.G. Narasingha in: Sri Gayatri Mantrartha Dipika - Illuminations on the Essential Meaning of Gayatri, Sri Narasingha Chaitanya Ashram (gosai.com)

  • Among the eternal associates of the Lord the gopis are the most exalted, and among the gopis Srimati Radharani is the best. It has been mentioned in the narration of the Skanda Purana that out of many thousands of gopis, 16,000 are prominent. Out of these, 108 are important, and out of 108, eight are principal. Out of eight gopis, Radharani and Candravali are chief, and out of these two Srimati Radharani is superior.
  • Roman alphabet (IAST):ananda-cinmaya-rasa-pratibhavitabhis
    tabhir ya eva nija-rupataya kalabhih
    goloka eva nivasaty akhilatma-bhuto
    govindam adi-purusam tam aham bhajami.
  • English translation:I worship Govinda, the primeval Lord, residing in His own realm, Goloka, with Radha, resembling His own spiritual figure, the embodiment of the ecstatic potency possessed of the sixty-four artistic activities, in the company of Her confidantes [sakhis], embodiments of the extensions of Her bodily form, permeated and vitalized by His ever-blissful spiritual rasa.
  • Roman alphabet (IAST):devi krsna-mayi prokta radhika para-devata
    sarva-laksmi-mayi sarva-kantih sammohini para.
  • English translation: The transcendental goddess Srimati Radharani is the direct counterpart of Lord Sri Krsna. She is the central figure for all the goddesses of fortune. She possesses all the attractiveness to attract the all-attractive Personality of Godhead. She is the primeval internal potency of the Lord.
    • In: Brhad-gautamiya-tantra
 
Radha Kund - Just as Srimati Radharani is most dear to Sri Krisna, Her bathing place known [Radha-kunda] is also dear to Him. Among all the gopis, Srimati Radharani is supermost and very dear to Lord Krisna.
  • Roman alphabet (IAST):inhara madhye radhara prema--'sadhya-siromani'
    yanhara mahima sarva-sastrete vakhani.
  • English translation: Among the loving affairs of the gopis, Srimati Radharani's love for Sri Krishna is topmost. Indeed, the glories of Srimati Radharani are highly esteemed in all revealed scriptures.
  • Roman alphabet (IAST): yatha radha priya visnos tasyah kundam priyam tatha
    sarva-gopisu saivaika visnor atyanta-vallabha.
  • English translation: Just as Srimati Radharani is most dear to Sri Krisna, Her bathing place known [Radha-kunda] is also dear to Him. Among all the gopis, Srimati Radharani is supermost and very dear to Lord Krishna.
  • Roman alphabet (IAST): anayaradhito nunam bhagavan harir isvarah
    yan no vihaya govindah prito yam anayad rahah
  • English translation: When the gopis began to talk among themselves, they said, 'Dear friends, the gopi (Sri Radha) who has been taken away by Krishna to a secluded place must have worshiped the Lord more than anyone else.'
  • ...these two [Krishna and Radha], and Sri Radha in particular, are so wonderful. Who can understand them? Even Krishna is bewildered by Radharani, what then can Anantasesa and others know about Her (muhyanti yat surayah)? Land (mrt) turns into water and flows, while water (vari) takes on the character of land and becomes stunned upon hearing the flute of Sri Krishna, which He plays only to attract Sri Radha, whose effulgence (tejah) dims the light of the stars and moon, tejo vari mrdam yatha vinimayo. Among the gopis there are three kinds, those who favor Radha (headed by Lalita), those who serve in the opposition's side (headed by Candravali) and those who take sometimes the side of Radha and sometimes the side of Krishna (headed by Visakha).
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