Hampden-Sydney College

Hampden–Sydney College (H-SC) is a men's liberal arts college in Hampden Sydney, Virginia. Founded in 1775, Hampden–Sydney is the oldest privately chartered college in the southern United States, the tenth-oldest college in the nation, the last college founded before the American Declaration of Independence, and one of only three four-year, all-male liberal arts colleges remaining in the United States. Hampden–Sydney College is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and the Virginia Landmarks Register. It is affiliated with the Presbyterian Church (USA).

In no time, every resident of fourth passage was on the fourth floor, and a vigorious debate was occurring. I was told later that many wanted to throw her out the fourth-floor window immediately, while others wanted somebody (not them) to take her down to the front door. On Monday I was told that the vote for the front door had won 9-8. ~ William W. Porterfield

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By ancestral interest and right, Hampden-Sydney was his College. He did not seek the position, but made himself available when he was approached about it; he was 69, and had been officially retired for fourteen years. He was willing to help, to serve, but not as a caretaker or Acting President; with the support of every constituency, the Board elected General Wilson President on 30 July 1992. From his office window you can see the Birthplace, the office of Slate Hill Plantation, where a bright young minister led some of his ancestors and their neighbors in founding a little college in the woods.
- John Luster Brinkley, H-SC Class of 1959[1], On This Hill: A Narrative History of Hampden-Sydney College (1994), p. 846

...And that, in order to preserve in the minds of the students that sacred love and attachment which they should ever bear to the principles of the present glorious revolution, the greatest care and caution shall be used in electing such professors and masters, to the end that no person shall be so elected unless the uniform tenor of his conduct manifests to the world his sincere affection for the liberty and independence of the United States of America.
- Excerpt from Article III of the Charter of 28 June 1783, An Act for Incorporating the Trustees of Hampden-Sydney, as quoted by John Luster Brinkley in On This Hill: A Narrative History of Hampden-Sydney College (1994), p. 852

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Education here is not a matter of mere books and courses. There is a nobler effort than the training of the intellect. The true aim of Hampden-Sydney is to reach the whole man, to send him forth more eager for life than just to make a living. Hampden-Sydney has never been congenial with mass production. The chief concern has always been with the individual. The stream that has gone forth from the institution has not been wide, but it has been deep. The true Hampden-Sydney man holds his own in any company. Such men, often unconsciously even as they smiled at "traditions," have, nevertheless, been powerfully influenced by these same traditions. When, as the years pass, this truth is borne upon them, they pay willing and glad homage to the institution responsible for such an effect in their lives.
- Edgar Graham Gammon, Kaleidoscope (1941), p. 21

In view of the part played by Hampden-Sydney men in the past wars of the Nation, what they are doing in the present conflict causes no surprise. From the very beginning the call to arms was answered by our faculty, student body, and alumni. Today Hampden-Sydney men in nearly every branch of the service are with the fighting forces all over the world. Some have given their lives; others are wearing decorations for valor. All are doing their best. Each one is held in the high affection and admiration of his Alma Mater.
- Edgar Graham Gammon, Kaleidoscope (1944), p. 7

Boys always play better when they know the girls are watching.
- Edgar Graham Gammon in a writing in 1903, as quoted by John Luster Brinkley in On This Hill (1994), p. 431

Hampden-Sydney has from its beginning been more than an educational institution. It has been that to a high degree, but the school has been ever mindful of and engaged in that type of education which is called Christian. The noble work of so many of her sons in all lines of high endeavor bears eloquent tribute to the results of this type of education. As long as Christian faith remains, the function of such institutions as Hampden-Sydney is necessary.
- Edgar Graham Gammon in remarks in early 1945, as quoted by John Luster Brinkley in On This Hill (1994), p. 684

Vigorous efforts have been and are being made to instill into the young men the true meaning of liberty, the knowledge that rights without responsibilities are impossible... There is no greater need than fine citizens and no better way to produce them than to teach in our Christian colleges the vital relationship between privileges and duties, rights and responsibilities.
- Edgar Graham Gammon in remarks in February 1946, as quoted by John Luster Brinkley in On This Hill (1994), p. 729

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The number of Hampden-Sydney men who participated in the Spanish-American War is not known. In World War I Hampden-Sydney men enlisted in great numbers. The Memorial Gate bears the names of fourteen Alumni who made the supreme sacrifice. Under Federal Officers the S.A.T.C. was promptly organised at the College, and Army regulations prevailed as they do at present in World War II. According to an incomplete study made of Hampden-Sydney Alumni in World War II the most accurate estimate seems to indicate that thirty-three percent are now engaged in the several branches of the service. With deepest regret and sorrow the College has received the news of the death of eighteen of these valiant sons. Since its inauguration July 1, 1943, the Naval V-12 Program has given partial training to five hundred and fifteen enlisted men. Of these, eighty-two have gone on to Midshipman Schools; twenty-five to Medical Schools; forty-one to other V-12 units; sixty to various Units connected with the fleet; and two to Annapolis. At present the Naval Roster shows two hundred and forty-five aboard. Hampden-Sydney and all of her sons rightly share in the phrase, "well done."
- Kaleidoscope (1944), p. 67

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The last pet-in-dorm incident that I know about involves my own basset hound, who discovered in her youth that in weekends (and exactly how does a basset hound know about Saturday?) fraternity houses were fascinating places. Besides lots of people who would scratch your ears, there were lots of plastic cups on the floor containing a delicious liquid, and just big enough to get your nose down into. Inexplicably, this seemed funny to the people around.
Well, in the interests of economy and convenience, they started putting saucers of beer out for her. And she would make the rounds of the fraternity houses, of which at the time there were nine. By the end of the evening she was pretty well tanked, which had an unfortunate effect the next day; I can authoritatively sat you have never seen anything sad if you have never seen a basset hound with a hangover.
One snowy evening she wound up at the Akpha Chi Sigma house, where she was well known. These were good friends, and when the party broke up at 1:30 or so, she happily followed a group of three back to fourth-passage Cushing, where they lived on the fourth floor. They weren't paying too much attention until they got in a fourth-floor room and noticed continued wagging. It was too late and snowy to do anything about her, so they just hit the sack and turned out the lights. She curled up on the rug.
At about 5 in the morning she felt a strong need to go outside. A very strong need. She nuzzled a hand or two, but nobody was budging. So she began to bay, which somewhat resembles bagpipe music in being both eerie and very loud.
In no time, every resident of fourth passage was on the fourth floor, and a vigorious debate was occurring. I was told later that many wanted to throw her out the fourth-floor window immediately, while others wanted somebody (not them) to take her down to the front door. On Monday I was told that the vote for the front door had won 9-8.
- William W. Porterfield, Things That Might Have Happened at Hampden-Sydney (or anyway, with Hampden-Sydney people) (2016), p. 82-83

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This is a great school, but to remain great it must continually study itself, and avoid like the plague a spirit of complacency.
- Joseph Clarke Robert, as quoted by John Luster Brinkley in On This Hill (1994), p. 762

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The town has at times extended its close, almost familial, patronage to the other institution of higher education anciently present in Southside: Hampden-Sydney College, lying six miles to the south. Although isolated from the town for part of its history by those six miles of muddy country road, by 1900 Hampden-Sydney had become partner to the mutually supportive relationship between Farmville and higher education. Reporting on a field day that took place on the Hampden-Sydney campus in May of 1903, a writer from Farmville's newspaper observed, "Farmville was there in full force... the teachers and students of the Normal being largely in evidence." Victors among the Hampden-Sydney students were crowned by students from the Normal "with better than laural wreaths": "sweet smiles of approval, hand clasps of delight." The reporter winds up his story with a rousing, "Long live the girls of the Normal and the boys of Hampden-Sydney!" And he- and the town of Farmville- meant it.
- Robin Sedgwick, Two Hundred Years in the Heart of Virginia: Perspectives on Longwood's History, 1798-1998 (1998) by Robert F. Pace (editor), Farmville: Longwood College Foundation, first edition paperback, p. 2

The story of higher education in Farmville thus begins not in the town itself but in the hamlet of Hampden-Sydney. It begins well before the single brick building that constituted the Farmville Female Seminary would open its doors for the first class of students in the year 1843. Some seventy years before this, when Prince Edward County was still frontier land, the Hanover Presbytery began planning for the establishment of an institution of higher learning somewhere east of the Blue Ridge- if a local congregation would provide financial support and a suitable donation of land might be seured. A new, young preacher, Samuel Stanhope Smith, recently graduated from the Presbyterian seminary at Princeton but sent south in hopes of alleviation of a respiratory condition, let it be known that he would be willing to undertake the direction of such an institution. Having received pledges of financial support from the congregations of upper Cumberland and Prince Edward along with offers of several possible sites in the locality, on February 1-3, 1775, the Presbytery called a special meeting at Slate Hill Plantation near Prince Edward Courthouse (now Worsham) to lay the groundwork for the new institution.
- Robin Sedgwick, Two Hundred Years in the Heart of Virginia: Perspectives on Longwood's History, 1798-1998 (1998) by Robert F. Pace (editor), Farmville: Longwood College Foundation, first edition paperback, p. 2-3

Thus a new college was inaugurated: church-initiated, but managed by an independent board made up largely of secular members of the local gentry class; church-sponsored, but relying for financial suppirt on pledges made locally just before the outbreak of revolution; nondenominational by pronouncement, but later colored in the minds of the members of the new legislature of Virginia as an arm of a church and therefore not eligible for state support; and intended- as Smith said in his first prospectus- "to form good men, and good Citizens" at a time when being a good citizen meant, to many prospective students, going off to fight for the Patriotic cause. It was a beginning, in other words, rife with potential trouble.
Yet the college got off to a good start. Quickly it linked itself to the Revolutionary cause. Historian of Hampden-Sydney John Brinkley contends that President John Witherspoon of Princeton probably gave the college its patriotic name. Though a recent immigrant from Scotland, Witherspoon was, in 1775, a member of the Second Continental Congress, which had just chartered a ship named for two activist Englishmen of the seventeenth century; these men were remembered in the name of patriotic organizations in several of the colonies. They were John Hampden, a Member of Parliament who challenged the king's right to levy certain new taxes and whose attemped arrest by Charles I precipitated the English Civil War; and Algernon Sidney (or Sydney, the spelling eventually adopted by the college as late as the 1920s), who fought on the side of Parliament in the Civil War, was convicted of treason under Charles II and was executed, and whose influential Discourses Concerning Government was required reading at Princeton. Smith returned from his Northern tour with three Princeton men, aged 15 through 26, engaged as faculty; a "Princeton woman," Ann Witherspoon, daughter of the president, as his wife; and "Hampden-Sidyney" as the name for the new college.
- Robin Sedgwick, Two Hundred Years in the Heart of Virginia: Perspectives on Longwood's History, 1798-1998 (1998) by Robert F. Pace (editor) Farmville: Longwood College Foundation, first edition paperback, p. 3

The Hampden-Sydney ideal of a gentleman reaches back to the 18th century and to the men of the early Republic who defined their lives by honor, service, public virtue, and personal self-restraint. This is what the College's Founders meant by "good men and good citizens." To form good men and good citizens is still today the mission of Hampden-Sydney College. However, you will not live in the insular world of Hampden-Sydney's Founders. Your world could not be more different from theirs. It is, however, Hampden-Sydney's belief that the characteristics of the 18th-century gentleman are as important today as two hundred years ago. It is your task to prove it.
- Thomas H. Shomo, H-SC Class of 1969, To Manner Born, To Manners Bred: A Hip-pocket Guide to Etiquette for the Hampden-Sydney Man, 9th edition (2016), p. 11

Critics say that the book takes a very narrow world view, as if the world were circumscribed by the boundaries of the Hampden-Sydney campus. To Manner Born, To Manners Bred was written for the students of Hampden-Sydney College; whatever other readership it has was unintended. This campus is a little world, and for our students it is their special place for four years. They know, however, that it will not be their world forever, and they are preparing themselves to be "good men and good citizens" as understood in the 18th century and in the 21st century. It is a treasured thing for a youth to have a special place in which to become a man- a beautiful place where honor is a virtue, civility a habit, and learning a goal.
- Thomas H. Shomo, H-SC Class of 1969, To Manner Born, To Manners Bred: A Hip-pocket Guide to Etiquette for the Hampden-Sydney Man, 9th edition (2016), p. 68

When you leave the little world of Hampden-Sydney, you will still have much to learn of the diversity of the greater world, of the customs and manners of the many cultures you will encounter and interact with as you make your life and living in a global economy. I hope that your recognition of the value of the traditional social customs as they are practiced in our small community will make you keenly aware of the importance of the traditional social customs of other communities- whether ethnic neighborhoods or nations. I end this epilogue as I have ended others before. You are a Hampden-Sydney Gentleman, and as Cardinal Newman wrote, "It is almost the definition of a gentleman to say he is one who never inflicts pain."
- Thomas H. Shomo, H-SC Class of 1969, To Manner Born, To Manners Bred: A Hip-pocket Guide to Etiquette for the Hampden-Sydney Man, 9th edition (2016), p. 68-69

It seems to me from what I have learned that here in these gentle surroundings have been discovered the true functions of a university and its task of sending out into the world not only men of high educational and cultural standards, but men also of vision, of courage, of honesty and decision.
- Percy Spender, Australian Ambassador to the United States from 1951 to 1958, as quoted in the Kaleidoscope (1956), p. 4

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When a civil war began in the 1640s between the King's forces and the Parliamentary forces, many English religious dissenters joined the anti-royalists. At this time, Virginia's royal governor, William Berkeley, reacted by arbitrarily condemning all Virginia dissenters as similar being seditious anti-royalists; some Tidewater dissenters were banished from Virginia at this time, while others simply moved farther up the James River to areas (in present-day Hanover County) north and west of its fall-line. Some of these "uprooted and transplanted" Piedmont dissenters became the ancestors of the Presbyterian congregation that would later be formed at Hampden-Sydney, Virginia.
- William E. Thompson, Her Walls Before Thee Stand: The 235-Year History of the Presbyterian Congregation at Hampden-Sydney, Virginia (2010), revised 2011 edition, p. 20

By the mid-1700s the Presbyterians in the middle colonies had grown so impatient with the scarcity of ordained ministers coming to North America from the English and Scottish universities, that they began to train and to verify their own ministers by means of several "home-grown" seminaries which critics derisively called "log colleges" (which were allegedly grossly inferior to the renowned universities of Great Britain). The most prominent of these log colleges was the one which eventually developed into the College of New Jersey, which- following several temporary locations- finally and permanently settled in the village of Princeton. It would be alumni from the "log college movement" who were the first preachers to respond to the pleas which had consistently come from "the remote Parts" of Virginia, and with their missionary labors during the 1750s they laid the foundations for the Hampden-Sydney college and church.
- William E. Thompson, Her Walls Before Thee Stand: The 235-Year History of the Presbyterian Congregation at Hampden-Sydney, Virginia (2010), revised 2011 edition, p 25

Truthfully no one knows for certain how the conjoined names of John Hampden and Algernon Sydney came to be attached to this college and its village. For certain, both in 18th century England and in the North American colonies these two protesting patriots' names had come to be attached to disaffected colonial political groups. College historian John Brinkley suggested that the college name was perhaps given to Samuel Stanhope Smith by his patriot father-in-law, the Declaration signer, John Witherspoon, in the spring of 1776, but while this is a very logical guess, it is unsubstantiated in provable fact. We do know, however, that John Witherspoon was an ardent admirer of both men. Hampden had been mortally wounded on Chalgrove Field (near his home) just outside Oxford, England, on 14 June 1643, and he died nearly a week later on 18 June 1643. The political apologist Algernon Sydney had been beheaded at the Tower of London on 7 December 1683. By the time of the American Revolution there were some anti-royalist patriotic groups that were convening in several of the colonies under the name of being "Hampden-Sydney Societies."
- William E. Thompson, Her Walls Before Thee Stand: The 235-Year History of the Presbyterian Congregation at Hampden-Sydney, Virginia (2010), revised 2011 printing, p. 45

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Be good, do good, and you might just get to Hampden-Sydney someday.
- Advice given by various individuals to Samuel Vaughan Wilson while he was growing up in Rice, Virginia, on a farm twelve miles from Hampden-Sydney College. Known for his lengthy U.S. Army career as "General Sam," Wilson joined the Hampden-Sydney faculty in 1977 and served as the 22nd President of Hampden-Sydney College from 1992 to 2000. As quoted by Drew Prehmus, H-SC Class of 2008, in General Sam: A Biography of Lieutenant General Samuel Vaughan Wilson (2011), p. 235

Well, as some of you already know, this is home for me. Hampden-Sydney College has been in my blood since I was a small boy. I am overwhelmed with delight to be here. And I have no particular message other than to note my primary conviction as far as the mission of this College is concerned. It is that the most important person walking the grassy knolls of this campus is the student. He is followed closely, almost lockstep, by the second most important person, the teacher. And the most important event transpiring on this campus is the colloquy between that student and teacher. All else is secondary and supporting. That's the direction in which I'm headed, folks, and I hope you'll be with me.
- Lieutenant General Samuel V. Wilson, U.S. Army, Ret., first address as the 22nd President of Hampden-Sydney College on 29 July 1992. As quoted by Drew Prehmus, H-SC Class of 2008, in General Sam: A Biography of Lieutenant General Samuel Vaughan Wilson (2011), p. 234

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